Aung San Suu Kyi, A politician walks first step into Myanmar political Field .

  Considered a politician

• People who are politically active, especially in party politics. A person holding or seeking political office whether elected or appointed, whether professionally or otherwise. Positions range from Homeowner associations^[1] and block watches^[2] to executive, legislative and judicial offices of state and national governments.^[3] Some law enforcement officers, such as sheriffs, are considered to be politicians.

• Politician can be a term used in a derogatory manner to belittle a statesman.^[4]

[edit] Public choice theory

Public choice theory involves the use of modern economic tools to study problems that are traditionally in the province of political science. (A more general term is "political economy", an earlier name for "economics" that evokes its practical and theoretical origins but should not be mistaken for the Marxian use of the same term.)
In particular, it studies the behavior of voters, politicians, and government officials as (mostly) self-interested agents and their interactions in the social system either as such or under alternative constitutional rules. These can be represented a number of ways, including standard constrained utility maximization, game theory, or decision theory. Public choice analysis has roots in positive analysis ("what is") but is often used for normative purposes ("what ought to be"), to identify a problem or suggest how a system could be improved by changes in constitutional rules.^[5] A key formulation of public choice theory is in terms of rational choice, the agent-based proportioning of scarce means to given ends. An overlapping formulation with a different focus is positive political theory. Another related field is social choice theory.
There are also Austrian variants of public choice theory (suggested by Mises,^[6] Hayek, Kirzner, Lopez, and Boettke) in which it is assumed that bureaucrats and politicians are benevolent but have access to limited information

The Reconciliation is The First .

                             Don't   care   about   the   Sanction   of   the   US   and    The   European   Countries   .  
                            Don't     miss  the   duties   of   the   Unity   Enforcement   and   Reconciliation  to    achieved   ,   according   to   Rule   and   Law  order   over   all   the   NATIONAL  fORCE  which   should   be   met   understanding   or   mutual    belife  to   each   other  .  Try   hard   to   solve  the   Union  of   Myanmar   Issues  to   over    come  the   Sanction  .   God   bless   with    you   !  

                                    

Yawd Serk: Reconciliation yet to be achieved, but process has started

Wednesday, 11 April 2012 11:55 S.H.A.N.

With the release of Aung San Suu Kyi, her victory in the April 1 by-elections and the ongoing negotiations with armed opposition movements, many people think reconciliation has been achieved in Burma, but that is not so, said Lt-Gen Yawd Serk, leader of the Restoration Council of Shan State / Shan State Army (RCSS/SSA), reported Thai Rath daily today.
“There are several stages in the process,” he explained. “We are still in the first stage, that is, we have agreed to a ceasefire. But we have yet to start a political dialogue.”
However, putting it in a nutshell, whether or not national reconciliation will be achieved rests with Naypyitaw. “If the ongoing parleys are just for publicity, there’ll be no reconciliation. Everything that has been done will only come to a dead end.”

Lt-Gen Yawd Serk with his troops (Photo: Thairath)

He pointed out that there are still sporadic fighting between the two sides since the ceasefire agreement was signed more than 4 months ago, on 2 December 2011. “Only if the Burmese government’s actions match its speeches, national reconciliation will be realized,” he said.
He added that if Naypyitaw saw to it that the ceasefire agreement was honored, there would be no problem convincing the non-Burman ethnic nationalities that the 1947 Panglong Agreement that guaranteed “Full autonomy in internal administration,” “rights and privileges which are regarded as fundamental in democratic countries” and “financial autonomy” would also be honored.
Asked what he would say to Aung San Suu Kyi and President Thein Sein, when he meets them in the near future, he said there are three questions for each. For Ms Suu Kyi:

• What are you going to do to win the trust of the ethnic people?
• Which parts of the constitution would you like to amend?
• What are you going to do about the Burma Army’s human rights abuses?

As for President Thein Sein:

• Do you have a time frame for the national reconciliation process?
• Are you serious about amending the constitution?
• Are you willing to honor the Panglong Agreement that says the people of Shan State will enjoy full autonomy in internal administration?

The next round of negotiations will be after the Songkran festival. Yawd Serk did not say whether he will be leading the RCSS/SSA delegation this time. The two previous formal meetings with U Aung Min, Naypyitaw’s chief negotiator, were led by Brigadier-Generals Sai Lu and Pawng Kherh respectively.
Asked whether the April 1 by-elections had decided on the destiny of Burma, his answer was “No. The decisive event will be the 2015 general elections. The April 1 elections, held only in a few constituencies, was to signal that Ms Suu Kyi has a future in Burma’s politics. No more

Guide Lines for the Drafting of the constitution , From the General Aung San .

THE SEVEN DIRECTIVES OF GENERAL AUNG SAN.

(Guidelines for the drafting of the Constitution of a Sovereign Independent Burma)

The representatives of the peoples of Burma, including those of the Frontier Areas and Karenni, having assembled in order to fulfil the expressed wishes of the people for the drafting of a Constitution, have passed the following enactments.

1. The constitution to be drafted, shall be known as the Constitution of the Sovereign Independent Republic of the Union of Burma. Furthermore …
2. Within the Union, the individual States established by the Constitution, shall enjoy the powers of autonomy prescribed by the Constitution. Furthermore …
3. The powers of the governmental organization of the Sovereign Independent Republic of Burma and of the Constituent States shall derive from the people. Furthermore …
4. Every citizen of the Union of Burma shall enjoy perfect equality in the social, economic and political fields; and as long as it is not against the law or against public morality, every person shall enjoy freedom of thought, speech, belief, religion, worship, livelihood, action and the freedom to organize, and these rights shall be enshrined in the Constitution. Futuremore …
5. The Constitution must have sufficient provision for the protection of the minorities. Furthermore …
6. In ensuring the unity and integrity of the territory of the sovereign, Independent Republic of Burma and in the exercise of the command of the Nation’s Army, Navy and Air Force, the rules of Justice and International Law shall be observed. Furthermore …
7. We pledge that this Nation of Burma, which has had a distinguished history, shall achieve its deserved place in the world; shall strive with goodwill, to promote progress and economic well-being of all humanity; shall join hands with other nations, conducting ourselves on the basis of justice and international law, with a view to achieving world peace.

With regard to the formation of a Union or Federation, draft proposal No. 2 of the Directives presented the merest outline. However, General Aung San himself had introduced the Draft Constitution drafted by the Preliminary Conference of the A.F.P.F.L. to the Constituent Assembly “as a basis for discussion” so it is quite apparent that there had been some efforts made to classify the Constituent States into several levels

              

Give a reasonable Time .

                                Too  early   to  try  for  Amendment  of   the   basic  priciples  of   2008  constitution  .
                                Try   to  understand  to   each  other  First  .
                                Don't  be   eager  to   perform  your  interest  of   changing  but  taking   time  or   be  patient   for  Harmony.  God   bless   with    yiu  !    ............
                         
Sai Ai Pao, leader of the Shan Nationalities Democratic Party (SNDP), that had won an Upper House seat at the April 1 by-elections, says it may take some time before the military-drawn 2008 constitution can be amended.

Sai Ai Pao

“I heartily welcome Daw Aung San Suu Kyi to the Union Assembly,” he told SHAN. “I also welcome her promise to amend the constitution. We are ready to join her to make a concerted effort. But it will take time to prepare. I don’t think it can be amended in a short time.”

During her campaign speech delivered on 14 March, the NLD leader said her 3 point prioritized aims were “the rule of law, internal peace and constitutional amendments.”
She also announced her 3 step peace proposal: “nationwide ceasefire, seek negotiations and solutions by holding political talks, and find common ground in order to build a genuine union based on equality which is the basis of Panglong as aspired by the national races.”
While the Fighting Peacock Party, as the NLD is known, has 47 seats (including those of 4 returnees that had won in the 2010 elections), the White Tiger, as the SNDP is known, has 58 seats.
The SNDP ran for 3 seats in the by-elections and won 1 seat (National Assembly) but was defeated by the ruling party, Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) in Sagaing (National Assembly) and by the NLD in Kalaw (People’s Assembly).
Sai Ai Pao, 66, is also serving as Minister of Mining in the Shan State Government headed by Sao Aung Myat, a USDP nominee.
Article 435 of the constitution stipulates that an amendment bill submitted by 20% (133 representatives) of the total number (664 representatives) of the Pyidaungu Hluttaw (Union Assembly) representatives will be considered. Amendment of basic principles such as “the Defence Services to be able to participate in the National political leadership role” requires not only approval by more than 75% of the Union Assembly but also by a nationwide referendum

The Shan Federal Proposal ( 1961 )

RESOLUTIONS

OF

THE (SHAN STATE) STEERING COMMITTEE

FOR THE

REVISION OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNION OF BURMA

The provisions for equal and opportunities between the various states and nationalities are not adequately prescribed in the present Constitution of the Union of Burma.
The Steering Committee has therefore unanimously decided that to ensure equal rights and opportunities for all, the Constitution should be revised in accordance with the principles of a truly federal constitution.
The Steering Committee hereby resolves that in redrafting the Constitution, in accordance with genuine federal principles, the following basic requirements for ensuring equality shall be included:

1.	Establishment of a Burmese State;
2.	Assignment of equal powers to both Chambers of the Union Parliament;
3.	Each State to be represented by an equal number of representatives in the Chamber of Nationalities;
4.	The following Departments shall be vested in the Central Union, while all other powers, rights and entitlements shall be transferred to the States. (a) Foreign Affairs; (b) Union Defence; (c) Union Finance; (d) Coinage and Currency; (e) Posts and Telegraphs; (f) Railways, Airways and Waterways; (g) Union Judiciary; (h) Sea Customs. Duty.
5.	Union revenue to be distributed equitably.

The above proposals were unanimously adopted on Tuesday, the 24^th January 1961.
The Union of Burma covers an area of 262,000 square miles. The Shan State, with a population of approximately two million, and covering an area of 60,416 square miles, is the largest State, and occupies almost a quarter of the total area of the Union of Burma. The Shan State lies in the eastern part of the Union of Burma, with the Kachin State and the People’s Republic of China bordering it to the north, Laos and Thailand to the east, the Kayah State to the south, and the Districts of Yamethin, Mandalay and Shwebo bordering it to the west. The Shan State lies on a thickly forested plateau whose average height is between 2,000 and 3,000 feet above sea level, but there are some low-lying areas which are barely 800 feet above sea level.
The Shan State enjoys a very favorable climate and consequently produces such crops as rice, pulses, fruit and vegetables in every part of the State. But because of the sparse population and difficult communications, rice production has not developed much, though the potential for development is there. On the other hand, in spite of the drawbacks, the orchards have produced a surplus of valuable fruits which have been distributed throughout Burma. Apart from agricultural products, many types of minerals have also been located all over the Shan State. If valuable minerals such as iron, zinc, tin, silver, wolfram can be systematically extracted, using modern techniques, the economy of the Shan State could dramatically improve, so to speak, overnight. Even today, the Bawdwin Mines in Namtu, is the largest mine in the Union of Burma. If the Shan State were to receive the revenues being collected annually from the mine, it would contribute greatly to the State’s funds. Further, if zinc mines in the vicinity of the State Capital, Taunggyi, at Pingno, Thandaung, and in Mong Pawn could be systematically exploited, they could become big and well-known mines, not only in the Union of Burma, but even throughout Southeast Asia. By creating such huge mining industries, a source of economic development for the entire population of the Shan State could come into being. There are also many natural waterfalls in the Shan State and harnessing hydro-power could also bring benefits to the State.

The Panlong Agreement ( 1947 )

                

THE PANGLONG AGREEMENT 1947

A Conference having been held at Panglong, attended by certain Members of the Executive Council of the Governor of Burma, all Saohpas and representatives of the Shan States, the Kachin Hills and the Chin Hills:
The Members of the Conference, believing that freedom will be more speedily achieved by the Shans, the Kachins and the Chins by their immediate co-operation with the Interim Burmese Government:
The Members of the Conference have accordingly, and without dissentients, agreed as follows:

1.	A Representative of the Hill Peoples, selected by the Governor on the recommendation of representatives of the Supreme Council of the United Hill Peoples (SCOUP), shall be appointed a Counsellor to the Governor to deal with the Frontier Areas.
2.	The said Counsellor shall also be appointed a Member of the Governor’s Executive Council, without portfolio and the subject of Frontier Areas brought within the purview of the Executive Council by Constitutional Convention, as in the case of Defence and External Affairs. The Counsellor for Frontier Areas shall be given executive authority by similar means.
3.	The said Counsellor shall be assisted by two Deputy Counsellors representing races of which he is not a member. While the two Deputy Counsellors should deal in the first instance with the affairs of their respective areas and the Counsellor with all the remaining parts of the Frontier Areas, they should on Constitutional Convention act on the principle of joint responsibility.
4.	While the Counsellor, in his capacity as Member of the Executive Council, will be the only representative of the Frontier Areas on the Council, the Deputy Counsellors shall be entitled to attend meetings of the Council when subjects pertaining to the Frontier Areas are discussed.
5.	Though the Governor’s Executive Council will be augmented as greed above, it will not operate in respect of the Frontier Areas in any manner which would deprive any portion of those Areas of the autonomy which it now enjoys in internal administration. Full autonomy in internal administration for the Frontier Areas in accepted in principle.
6.	Though the question of demarcating and establishing a separate Kachin State within a Unified Burma is one which must be relegated for decision by the Constituent Assembly, it is agreed that such a State is desirable. As a first step towards this end, the Counsellor for Frontier Areas and the Deputy Counsellors shall be consulted in the administration of such areas in the Myitkyina and the Bhamo Districts as are Part II Scheduled Areas under the Government of Burma Act 1935.
7.	Citizens of the Frontier Areas shall enjoy rights and privileges which are regarded as fundamental in democratic countries.
8.	The arrangement accepted in this Agreement are without prejudice to the financial autonomy now vested in the Federated Shan States.
9.	The arrangements accepted in this Agreement are without prejudice to the financial assistance which the Kachin Hills and the Chin Hills are entitled to receive from the revenues of Burma, and the Executive Council will examine with the Frontier Areas Counsellor and Deputy Counsellors the feasibility of adopting for the Kachin Hills and the Chin Hills financial arrangements similar to those between Burma and the Federated Shan States.

SHAN COMMITTEE		KACHIN COMMITTEE.		BURMESE GOVERNMENT.
Sd. Hkun Pan Sing, Saohpalongof Tawngpeng State.		Sd. Sinwa Naw, Myitkyina.		Sd. Aung San
Sd. S.S. Thaike, Saohpalong of Yawnghwe State.		Sd. Zau Rip. Myitkyina.		12/2/47
Sd. Sao Hom Hpa, Saohpalong of North Hsenwi State.		Sd. Dinra Tang, Myitkyina.
Sd. Sao Num, Saohpalong of Laihka State.		Sd. Zau La, Bhamo.
Sd. Sao Sam Htun, Saohpalong of Mong Pawn State.		Sd. Zau Lawn, Bhamo.
Sd. Sao Htun E, Saohpalong of Hsamonghkam State.		Sd. Labang Grong, Bhamo
Sd. Maung Pyu, Representatives of Hsahtung Saohpalong.
Sd. Khun Pung.		CHIN COMMITTEE
Sd. Tin E.		Sd. U Hlur Hmung, ATM, IDSM, B.E.M., Falam.
Sd. Htun Myint.		Sd. U Thawng Za Khup, ATM, Tiddim.
Sd. Kya Bu.		Sd. U Kio Mang, ATM, Haka.
Sd. Sao Yape Hpa.
Sd. Hkun Saw.
Sd. Hkun Htee.

In accordance with the Panglong Agreement, the Saohpalong of Mong Pawn State was selected to be a Member of the Governor’s Executive Council, and Counsellor for the Frontier Areas, and Sama Duwa Sinwa Naw and U Vum Ko Hau were elected as Deputy Counsellors for the Kachin Hills and Chin Hills

The Rebellion Issue and The Mutual Understanding .

                       Rebellion
The Regional Autonomy Enquiry Commission in October 1948, though now expanded to include six Karens, six Mons, five Arakanese, seven Burmans and four others, did not report until February 1949, by which time the Karen rebellion had already broken out. The Karen had repeated their controversial demand to include Karen majority areas of the Irrawaddy Delta in the independent Karen state as well as a joint Mon–Karen independent state in the areas of the Tenasserim where they could not stake an exclusive claim.^[1]
Communal relations turned sour when the AFPFL government deployed Karen and Kachin troops, which proved to be ruthlessly efficient, in suppressing the Burmese Communist rebellion that started in March 1948 centred on their stronghold of Pyinmana.^[1] The situation went from bad to worse when U Nu raised the Sitwundan auxiliary troops in order to reduce the government's heavy dependence on ethnic troops, and not least in anticipation of a Karen insurrection. They were put under the command of Maj. Gen. Ne Win and not the Army Chief of Staff Gen. Smith Dun, a Karen who was later removed and replaced by Ne Win on January 31, 1949. They soon outnumbered the Karen Rifles and Union Military Police (UMP), and were subsequently used against the Karen National Defence Organisation (KNDO), a paramilitary force formed in July 1947 by the Karen National Union (KNU), and the Karen UMP units.^[1]
History repeated itself when the KNU was judged to be a separatist movement as an 'imperialist plot' at the Left Unity talks in July/August 1948 between the AFPFL and the PVO (Pyithu yèbaw or People's Volunteer Organisation, a paramilitary force formed earlier by Aung San from BIA veterans) and their allies the Communists. A gun-running plot had been uncovered involving an Anglo-Burmese officer ,Capt. Vivian, who was convicted and jailed but later escaped with the Karen; he was linked to U Saw who was in the frame for the assassination of Aung San and six other cabinet members in July 1947. Another plot led by Col. Cromarty-Tulloch, an ex-Force 136 adventurer, and a few other Britons and Anglo-Burmese officers, in the early days of the Karen insurrection, was also uncovered shortly after it started.^[1] Naw Seng, a commander of the Kachin Rifles, after being dispatched to suppress the Karen revolt, joined the KNDO whose ranks now swelled from the defection of the Karen Rifles; he then went on to lead the Pawng Yawng rebellion before going into exile to China in 1950, only to make a comeback in 1968 as a Communist commander.^[1]
It was not just the Karen and Mon that rose up in rebellion, soon after independence in early 1949. The Rakhine led by the veteran monk U Seinda started an insurrection as early as 1946 followed by the Rakhine Mujahid in December 1947 in northern Arakan along the border of today's Bangladesh, migrants and their descendants from East Bengal. The Karenni revolt however was precipitated by a Baptist-Catholic split in its leadership in August 1948, when the veteran leader Bee Tu Re was brutally murdered, and as a result the Kyebogyi Sawbwa Sao Shwe took up arms against the AFPFL-backed Kantarawaddy Sawbwa Sao Wunna, both ex-Force 136 and erstwhile comrades-in-arms, and Sao Shwe was later aided by Tulloch.^[1]
But it was not until the early 1960s that the Kachin rebellion, triggered by the former Marxist U Nu's declaration of Buddhism as state religion, and the Shan rebellion, triggered by Gen. Ne Win's coup d'etat of March 1962, took off. In fact it was the Shan Federal Movement, led by Sao Shwe Thaik and aspiring to a 'loose' federation with Burma, but seen by army hardliners as a separatist movement insisting on the government honouring the right to secession after 10 years provided for by the 1947 Constitution to both the Shan and the Karenni, which precipitated the coup.^[1] Ne Win had already stripped the Sawbwas of their feudal powers in exchange for comfortable pensions for life in 1959 during his caretaker government.^[1] His 1962 coup put paid to the 1947 Constitution and what little remained of the Panglong spirit.^[1] The Chin launched a rebellion also in the 1960s. The Kayan insurgency in the Shan substate of Mong Pai was triggered by the first 'demonitisation' declaring the 100 and 50 kyat notes illegal in 1964 which wiped out the savings of hill farmers as well as the rest of the country

Would the 2008 Mumbain Attack not to be Ended ?

[edit] Attribution

Ajmal Kasab, the sole surviving terrorist, at Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus

Main articles: Attribution of the 2008 Mumbai attacks and Erroneous reporting on the 2008 Mumbai attacks

The Mumbai attacks were planned and directed by Lashkar-e-Taiba militants inside Pakistan, and carried out by ten young armed men trained and sent to Mumbai and directed from inside Pakistan via mobile phones and VoIP.^[18][80][81]
In July 2009 Pakistani authorities confirmed that LeT plotted and financed the attacks from LeT camps in Karachi and Thatta.^[82] In November 2009, Pakistani authorities charged seven men they had arrested earlier, of planning and executing the assault.^[83]
Mumbai police originally identified 37 suspects – including two army officers – for their alleged involvement in the plot. All but two of the suspects, many of whom are identified only through aliases, are Pakistani.^[84] Two more suspects arrested in the United States in October 2009 for other attacks were also found to have been involved in planning the Mumbai attacks.^[85][86] One of these men, Pakistani American David Headley, was found to have made several trips to India before the attacks and gathered video and GPS information on behalf of the plotters.
In April 2011, the United States issued arrest warrants for four Pakistani men as suspects in the attack. The men, Sajid Mir, Abu Qahafa, Mazhar Iqbal, and alias "Major Iqbal", are believed to be members of Lashkar-e-Taiba and helped plan and train the attackers.^[87]

Aluminum Effects,

Cooking

Even if you avoid eating foods containing aluminum food additives, you could be adding aluminum to your food without even realizing it. Cookware manufacturers choose to use aluminum because it conducts heat effectively and uniformly, allowing foods to cook evenly. Cooking foods, especially acidic foods like fruits, tomatoes and wine, in pans made from aluminum can cause aluminum to leach into your food. To prevent this, manufacturers developed anodized aluminum, which retains the heat conductivity properties but creates a hard surface that does not react with food. To prevent scratches that can harm the surface and allow aluminum into your food, use only wood or plastic utensils when cooking food in these pans.

Pickles

Pickles may contain a significant level of aluminum. Some manufacturers add alum, an aluminum salt such as aluminum sulfate or potassium aluminum sulfate, during the pickling process to add firmness and crispness to the pickles. You can avoid ingesting aluminum by choosing pickles that do not contain alum. However, a variety of other products that you use daily, including deodorants and antacid medications, also contain aluminum salts, increasing your exposure.

Effects of Aluminum

The New York University Langone Medical Center reports that although small amounts of aluminum usually cause no harm, prolonged exposure or exposure to high levels can cause serious medical problems. Harmful exposure occurs over time, from eating foods that contain the food additive sodium aluminum phosphate or from living near aluminum mining. Short-term exposure, such as from breathing aluminum dust in the workplace, is also harmful. Aluminum toxicity affects the musculoskeletal system and brain, causing muscle weakness, bone pain, osteoporosis, delayed growth in children, altered mental abilities, dementia and seizures.

Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/540321-what-foods-contain-harmful-aluminum/#ixzz1rTeZRcEZ 

Osama Bin Laden in five safe hauses in Pakistan .

Osama bin Laden was killed in a US raid on his final hideout in Abbottabad in May last year. Photograph: AP

Osama bin Laden lived in five safehouses while on the run in Pakistan and fathered four children, two of them born in government hospitals, his youngest widow has told investigators.

The details of Bin Laden's life as a fugitive are contained in the interrogation report of Amal Ahmed Abdel-Fatah al-Sada, his 30-year-old Yemeni widow. They appear to raise fresh questions over how Bin Laden was able to remain undetected for so long.
Details from the report were first published by the Pakistani newspaper Dawn. The Associated Press obtained a copy on Friday.
Sada is in Pakistani custody along with Bin Laden's two other widows and several children. They were arrested after the US raid that killed Bin Laden in May last year at his final hideout in Abbottabad, during which Sada was shot in the leg.
Mohammed Amir Khalil, a lawyer for the three widows, said the women would be formally charged on 2 April with illegally staying in Pakistan. That charge carries a maximum five-year prison sentence.
Since the US raid it has been known that Bin Laden lived mostly in Pakistan since 2002. Sada's account says she flew to Pakistan in 2000 and travelled to Afghanistan where she married Bin Laden before the 9/11 attacks.
After that, the family scattered and she travelled to Karachi, in Pakistan. She later met up with Bin Laden in Peshawar and then moved to the Swat Valley, where they lived in two houses. They moved one more time before settling in Abbottabad in 2005.
According to the report, Sada said two of her children were born in government hospitals, but she stayed for only "two or three hours" in the clinics on both occasions. The charge sheet against the three women says they gave officials fake identities.
During the manhunt for Bin Laden, most US and Pakistani officials said he was likely to be living somewhere along the remote Afghanistan-Pakistan border, possibly in a cave. The fact he was living in populated parts of Pakistan raised suspicions that elements in the Pakistani security forces may have been hiding him. US officials have said they have found no evidence this was the case